The symptoms strongly resemble a functional disorder (achalasia, esophageal spasms, etc.) with the main and most important difference that while functional disorders have the same difficulty swallowing both solid food and liquid, with esophageal obstruction, diphagia is observed only in relation to solid food.
Symptoms
The central symptom is dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), chest pain, regurgitation (return of stomach contents to the oral cavity), weight loss, lack of appetite, vomiting, and others.
Treatment
The first thing a doctor can recommend in this condition is to drink a heavily carbonated drink - in general, taking fluids in this case is a good starting option.
If this does not work, suffocation, vomiting, and the risk of aspiration due to fluid entering the larynx are expected.
Secondly, as non-invasive measures, diazepam and a cocktail of antispasmodics can be administered intramuscularly or intravenously to relax the muscles of the esophagus and help restore passage.
In the absence of a result, endoscopic restoration of the passage and endoscopic dilation with a pneumatic balloon are required, in which a catheter with an inflatable balloon is inserted at the end using a guiding endoscope that expands the narrowed lumen under pressure.
Reasons
There are various pathogenetic causes of esophageal obstruction. According to their origin, endogenous and exogenous can be distinguished. One of the most common endogenous phenomena is the rings of the esophagus, which are benign hyperplastic formations of the mucous membrane that make it difficult for solid food to pass through. They can be genetically determined or acquired - acquired rings are usually associated with reflux esophagitis or iron deficiency anemia. In a large percentage of cases, they remain asymptomatic or with mild symptoms that the patient does not pay attention to, but they can also cause complete obstruction of the esophagus.
Endogenous conditions also include various inflammatory conditions of the esophagus, reflux esophagitis, which eventually causes Barrett's esophagus and the formation of atrophic scars, which eventually leads to a narrowing of the esophageal lumen.
Diagnostics
Radiography with contrast with barium or fibrogastroscopy is necessary to determine the cause of esophageal obstruction. Computed tomography can also be used for contraindications to fibrogastroscopy, but in most cases this is not possible due to the higher cost of the method.
Treatment
This depends on the cause, but is usually based on endoscopic surgery if the cause is endogenous, or on taking corticosteroids and antacids for inflammatory conditions. If the esophageal rings are the cause of the condition, then therapy can be conservative (treatment of reflux esophagitis with proton pump inhibitors or treatment of iron deficiency anemia, if any). Букмекерская контора Мелбет работает в в Пензе и принимает ставки через Мелбет . Платформа предлагает широкую линию спорта, онлайн-казино и быстрый вывод выигрыша на карту. Новичкам начисляется приветственный бонус. Поддержка: 8 (800) 333-60-47.